A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residue (CR) and sulfur (S) on the sesame yield, oil contents and net economic return at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during kharif season 2015. Treatments were consisted of four levels of residues [sole wheat residues (4 t ha-1), sole chickpea residues (2 t ha-1), wheat plus chickpea residue (4+2 t ha-1) and wheat plus chickpea residue (2+1 t ha-1)] and four levels of sulfur (15, 30, 45, 60 kg ha^-1) along with one control for both crop residue and sulfur. Results indicated that crop residues and sulfur application significant effected yield and quality attributes of sesame. Plots treated with 4+2 t ha^-1 checkpea+wheat residues produced taller plants (180.5 cm) with higher seeds capsule^-1 (61), 1000-seed weight (3.74 g), biological yield (4014 kg ha^-1), seed yield (818 kg ha^-1), harvest index (20.40%) and more percent oil contents (43.83%) and oil yield (359 kg ha^-1), which was statistically similar with sole 2 t ha-1 chickpea residues incorporation. Likewise, 45 kg ha-1 sulfur fertilization resulted in taller plants (181.0 cm), higher seeds capsule^-1 (65), 1000-seed weight (3.93 g), biological yield (4036 kg ha^-1), seed yield (833 kg ha^-1), harvest index (20.65%), percent oil contents (46.54 %) and oil yield (388 kg ha^-1) as compared to the rest of the levels. Economic analysis indicated that application of 2 t ha-1 sole chickpea residues along with 45 kg ha-1 sulfur resulted in higher value cost ratio (VCR) (4.26) and net income (Rs. 175814). Conclusively, 2 t ha^-1 sole chickpea residues incorporation and 45 kg ha^-1 sulfur application boosted sesame yield, oil contents, and net economic return and hence are recommended for improved sesame productivity. However, long term research are still needed to be carried out under different environmental and soil conditions to address the low yield issues and help farmers boost their yield on sustainable basis.

Keywords: Crop residue, chickpea residues, fertilization, sustainable basis.