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Invitro larvicidal investigations of various organic synergize based crude formulation of indigenous plant (Melia azadrich) against deadly Dengue vectors mosquitos.

. Zakir Ullah, Gul Zamin Khan, Misbahullah, Inamullah, Nazir Ahamd, Mehboob Ur Rakhman & Tehsin Ullah.


Abstract

The Aedes genus of mosquitoes is comprised of major vectors for many human diseases such as dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, etc., causing millions of deaths every year. Currently, no effective vaccines are available globally in the medical field; therefore, entomologically, the whole reliance is on vector control. Chemical control is effective and is used in emergency outbreaks, but due to the dangers it poses to human health, the environment, and vector behavioural resistance, more emphasis is being placed on environmentally friendly control methods other than synthetic chemicals. As an alternative source for synthetic chemicals, the use of easily degradable plant-based compounds is considered one of the safest and cheapest approaches to insect pest control, particularly for dengue vectors. Therefore, research on the evaluation of indigenous plant-based biopesticides (Melia azadrich) against the deadly vector mosquitoes was carried out under the in vitro conditions of the medical entomology laboratory, plant protection division, and Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, during the year 2022. For this purpose, four formulations, viz., sodium bicarbonate (70% inner matter + 20% catalyst + 10% active ingredient), sand (70% sand + 20% catalyst + 10% active ingredient), mixed (35% sand + 35% soda + 20% catalyst + 10% active ingredient), and catalytic formulation (66% catalyst + 24% soda + 10% active ingredient) were tested under laboratory conditions against the wild vector population collected from the field. Temephos, an organophosphate commonly used as a larvicide by the KP public health department, was used as a control as a standard check. Thirty larvae were placed in each of the 248 mL soft drinks and 2 mL of the desired solution in disposable cups, with 4 replications for each set of bioassays. Each trail maintained a consistent larval diet for each replication and control. The percentage of mortality for each treatment of the formulation was recorded under standard laboratory conditions (272C0, 60% R.H.). The formulation of PF04 as inert matter combined with an increased synergist amount and NAHCO3 was found to have the best term for required mortality (90–100%), followed by the mix and sand formulations, respectively. The knockdown times were classified in order of 24 h, 28 h, and 72 h, respectively, for all the formulations. These in vitro investigations were helpful in selecting the best carrier (NaHCO3) as inert matter in combination with an effective organic synergist and thus can be helpful in developing plant-based biopesticides.

Key words: Dengue, vectors, bio pesticides, environment friendly.

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