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Restoration of Parliamentary Supremacy in Letter through Constitutional Amendments: 18th Amendment and Parliamentary Democracy in Pakistan

. Dr. Asmat Ullah, Dr. Sajjad Hussain and Dr. Wajid Mehmood


Abstract

Parliamentary supremacy is one of the basic norms of parliamentary system of government. It is the essence of the system without which it cannot function properly. In healthy parliamentary democracies, parliamentary supremacy is observed. Under the system Prime minister or head of the government is the real chief executive, while President or head of the state enjoys only ceremonial powers and acts on the advice of Prime minister. It clearly reflects homogeneity in its character. However in Pakistan there is heterogeneity. The civilian executives and national parliament are unstable and fragile, while the establishment led by Pakistan army is powerful enough to dictate political executives and national parliament. Quite often it has dismissed political governments and dissolved elected assemblies. The successive parliaments in Pakistan have opted for parliamentary system of government through various constitutional amendments but the parliament has never ensured its supremacy in letter and spirit. To counter powerful establishment the popular political forces evolved on a new strategy of consensual and reconciliatory politics in the spirit of COD. Under the strategy they tried to remove the heterogeneity of parliamentary system and restore homogeneity of the system through Eighteenth constitutional amendment. They restored parliamentary supremacy in letter. The paper analyzes those articles of Eighteenth amendment through which homogeneity of parliamentary system has been restored. 

Key words: Parliamentary supremacy; 18th constitutional amendment; consociational democracy; judiciary; military establishment

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