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Farmer’s Satisfaction with Irrigation Water Distribution and Pollution in Canal Water in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

. Abdul Zahir, Dr. Asad Ullah, Dr. Muhammad Jawad & Dr. Syed Attaullah Shah


Abstract

The aim of this study was to highlight irrigation water pollution effects on farmer’s satisfaction in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample size of 466 farmers was selected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique, and an interview schedule was used as a tool to ascertain farmers' satisfaction with irrigation water distribution. To determine outcomes, both univariate and bivariate analysis were used. The dependent variable (farmer’s satisfaction with irrigation water distribution) effects were assessed on the independent variable (pollution in irrigation water) by using the Chi-square test, and Kendall’s Tc was used as a directional test. The study revealed significant and negative association with farmer’s satisfaction with opening of sewerage lines into irrigation water channels (P = 0.000; Tc = -0.222), opening drainage lines into irrigation water channels (P = 0.000; Tc = -0.206), dumping of household solid wastes on the bank of irrigation water channels (P = 0.000; Tc = -0.206), regular choking of irrigation channels with household solid wastes (P = 0.000 ; Tc = -0.185) and negative effects of polluted irrigation water on crops yield (P = 0.000 ; Tc = -0.145). On the other hand, a significant (P = 0.000) and weak positive (Tc = 0.078) association was found between farmer’s satisfaction with irrigation water distribution and personnel of irrigation department informing the farmers about water pollution and its effects on agriculture production. The study recommended three prong approaches of creating awareness related to adversities of irrigation water pollution among masses, strengthening moral basis of controlling water pollution and strict implementation of law to apprehend and punish the criminals of water pollution can improve the state of irrigation water pollution and subsequently farmer’s satisfaction with irrigation water distribution.

Key words: Pollution in irrigation water, Satisfaction, Canal Water distribution, Pakistan

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