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Antifungal Potential of Synthetic Chemicals and Phytoextracts towards Leaf Spot of Pongamia pinnata

. Zainab Shahbaz, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Atiq, Irfan Ahmad, Pengfei Wu, Shahid Hafeez, Muhammad Sohail, Mudassar Hussain and Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid


Abstract

The "karum" tree, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is mainly cultivated in Punjab and Sindh, as well as in India, Burma, Malaya, Bangladesh, China, and Australia. It is indigenous to East and Tropical Asia. P. pinnata belongs to the Fabaceae family of plants, which can grow well in various weather conditions. It is one of the miscellaneous plants with medicinal properties, and its components are used as medicine in many regions to cure various diseases. It is vulnerable to various fungal diseases, including leaf spots, tar spots, blight rust, leaf rust, etc. The maximum disease was reported at maximum temperature (25-40°C) and relative humidity (50-80%). Hence, this study investigated the leaf spot disease and environmental factors involved in disease development. The main objective was the management of the disease through five chemicals, Mancozeb, Fostyl-aluminum, Thiophonate-methyl, Azoxystrobin, and Copper-oxychloride at three concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm), and five plant extracts Azadirachta indica, Aleo barbadensis miller, Citrus reticulata, Moringa oleifera, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis at three concentrations (3%, 5% and 7%) with three replications of each treatment under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Among five chemicals and plant extracts Mancozeb (5.408 mm) and Azadirachta indica (0.3222 mm) showed minimum fungal growth. While the minimum disease incidence (%) was recorded by Azadirachta indica (8.168%) from plant extract and fungicides alone and in combination

Index Terms- Plant extract, environment, Pongamia pinnata, diseases, fungicides

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