The primary reason for death, is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), responsible for 17.7 million deaths annually worldwide. The incidence of CVDs is likewise very high in Pakistan. The pathogenesis of CVD is complex, and numerous risk factors, including predisposition to genes, are implicated. CVDs may have polygenic or monogenic genetic causes. Additionally, there are variations in the genetic propensity to heart problems among various global populations. The study aims to concentrate on the genetic risk factors for CVDs in the population of Pakistan.

A literature search was carried out using current studies on the presence of familial risk variables for heart disease in the electronic databases Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization (WHO) website. Furthermore, an extensive search for published literature was carried out. According to the research, population-specific genetic risk factors like lipoprotein (a) and population-specific gene-modulating variables may exist.

In descending order, coronary heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and aneurysm have the highest number of detrimental genetic variations causing common CVDs.

This study gives an extensive understanding of the harmful mutations that cause heart disease in the Pakistani population

Index Terms- Cardiovascular disease, Genetic variation, Polygenic, Monogenic.