Cancer remains a global health challenge, despite significant advances in Western anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with its holistic approach and use of herbal formulations, acupuncture, and mind-body interventions, has been increasingly integrated into oncology care to enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve quality of life. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the integration of TCM with Western anticancer therapies, focusing on mechanisms of synergy, clinical outcomes, safety concerns, and challenges. It highlights promising herbs and formulas, discusses herb-drug interactions, and emphasizes the need for rigorous clinical trials and standardized protocols to fully realize the benefits of integrative oncology.