Artificial intelligence (AI) governance, privacy, and data protection in Nigeria is increasingly becoming a critical area of focus for policymakers, businesses, and citizens alike. As AI technologies advance and become more integrated into various sectors, from healthcare to finance, the need for effective governance frameworks to manage these innovations has never been more pressing.This paper is on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance, privacy and data protection in Nigeria. An explorative study was adopted using literature review as the basis for information gathering. The study revealed that  a balanced approach to governance, privacy, and data protection in Nigeria will not only bolster technological development but also safeguard the rights and freedom of its citizens. One important aspect of this governance involves the enforcement of data protection regulations that comply with global standards, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). There is a concerted effort to establish local legislation that not only protects citizens’ personal information but also fosters a conducive environment for technological advancement. This includes the need for strict guidelines on how data can be collected, stored, and utilized, ensuring informed consent is a priority in data transactions. Moreover, the ethical implications of AI systems must be at the forefront of governance discussions. Collaborative initiatives between government, academia, and industry leaders are crucial in addressing these challenges. Establishing multi-stakeholder forums can facilitate dialogue around best practices in AI governance, enabling a holistic approach to privacy and ethical considerations. Public engagement initiatives also play a critical role in raising awareness about data rights and empowering citizens to take an active stance in their digital privacy. In navigating these complexities, it is essential for the Nigerian government to adopt a proactive stance, ensuring that the legislative landscape evolves in tandem with the rapid advancements in AI technology. Ongoing assessments of AI systems through regular audits can enhance compliance with established norms, fostering public trust and promoting a more responsible approach to AI integration across the nation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, governance, ethics, privacy, data protection