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China-Pakistan Defense Cooperation: Critical Analysis

. Dr. Sumaira Rehman, Dr. Muhammad Ikram, Dr. Sawaira Rashid & Muhammad Waqas Naeem


Abstract

China has become Pakistan’s largest defense supplier and the last decade witnessed an increase in cooperation between the two governments in matters relating to defense. But these relations are not new, rather have a long history. After laying the foundation of diplomatic relations in 1950s, military assistance between the two countries began in 1966 leading to the formation of a strategic alliance in 1972. China provided military support and assistance to Pakistan during a crucial time in 1966 when USA imposed an embargo on military sales. The Chinese aided Pakistan by providing military equipment for two divisions of the army and MIG aircraft for the air force. The Heavy Industries Taxila was also set up with Chinese assistance in 1971. Being a Pilot project initially, the HIT is now supplying heavy equipment to the army such as Tank Al-Khalid and Tank Al-Zarar. Pakistan Navy designed the PNS Shujaat, the first of its kind to be built in Karachi, in 1999 with support from China. The collaboration on the development of JF-17, an aircraft deal worth $5 billion, signifies the growing trust and support between the two neighboring countries. Examining the Pak-China relationship on defense highlights that Chinese support to Pakistan and its defense needs has been consistent and Chinese have shown immense interest in helping Pakistan to modernize its defense capabilities. With bilateral relationship spanning over decades, Pakistan views China as its closest ally and friend in the region. A trusted partner, China is now the most reliable source of attaining military hardware and technology for Pakistan in addition to numerous other projects.

Keywords: Alliances, China, Containment Policy, Multidimensional Cooperation, Nuclear Capability, SEATO, Strategic Partnership

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